Splendor of Italian Camellias
Borromeo’s Islands and Rovelli’s camellias
Mirella Gloria Motta*
via Boccaccio 4-20123 Milano- Italy
* Author for correspondence, e-mail: mglori@tin.it
"Quand on a un coeur et une chemise, il faut vendre la chemise pour voir l'Italie"
(Henri Beyle – Stendhal)
The Princes Borromeo and “Isola Madre”: the foundation of the romantic garden [7]
According to Almanach de Gotha, the dictionary of first rank aristocracy, the Borromeo family was originally named “Vitaliani”. From the Tuscan borough of San Miniato they moved to Milan at the end of fourteenth century. In 1406, Vitaliano Vitaliani was adopted by Giovanni Borromeo, a rich uncle with a broad merchant business, and inherited both his name and fortune. He developed the family’s banking business and opened new branches in Burgos and Barcelona. In 1416 he got the Milanese citizenship and in 1418 became Duchy Treasurer (at that time Milan was a self-ruled Duchy). In a seamless career he obtained from the Duke, Filippo Maria Visconti, the permit of fortifying his suburban palace in Peschiera (now Peschiera Borromeo) and, in 1439-40, received from the Duke a number of fiefs and in 1439 was appointed count of Arona. Afterwards, he purchased the castle of Angera, just in front of Arona, across the Lago Maggiore. His successor Filippo opened bank branches in Bruges and London, and the subsequent Borromeos continued to increase the considerable wealth of the family. In 1632 the Borromeos founded their gardens on Lago Maggiore.
At that time, Carlo III bought a rocky crag, and started to build a palace for his wife, Isabella D'Adda, from whom the island takes its current name of “Isola Bella”.
Angelo Crivelli was the architect of the palace and of the Italian formal garden. The garden, after some interruptions, was inaugurated in 1671. Still now, Isola Bella is considered a masterpiece of the formal Italian garden.
On September 13, 1501 count Lancellotto Borromeo (1473-1513) encharged Pietro da Castello and Luigi da Cantù, to give him the investiture of Isola Madre. The emphyteusis contract was submitted to Louis XII king of France and duke of Milano. On June 12,1502 the count Borromeo started to build the palace and the gardener, Marco da Castelletto, bought from Genoa market place “pomerances”(oranges) to be grown in the island. So a new vegetable system was planted for the first time in the island.
Vitaliano IX was keen on botany and he transformed the island into a lush park, with rare plants from all over the world. He was in correspondence with the English traveller and botanist Josepf B. Pentland, an officer of Foreign Office, who provided him with seeds, and started exchanges with his colleagues around the world. So, he planted exotic trees, among which the gigantic Cupressus torulosa (Hymalayan Cypress) in the backyard of the Borromeo palace, that was able to survive a whirlwind in 2006.
Also a special conservatory was installed, to grow rare plants that required special climatic conditions. With its spectacular position in the middle of Lago Maggiore, Isola Madre is now hosting a wide variety of species,that encompass Magnolias, Rhododendrons, and Camellias. In January 2003, it was nominated by the Royal Horticultural Society.
The Borromeo family also raised dinasties of gardeners, among which the Rovelli family played a key role in the Nineteenth Century, especially in introducing camellias in Lago Maggiore. The Rovelly family served the Princes Borromeo for a long time and eventually started a nursery.
The parc of Isola Madre [11]
Isola Madre is 330 meters long, 220 meters wide and 40 meters tall, with a surface of 80,000 square meters. The soil is acid, sandy and almost totally transported. The park is settled down in five overlying gardens. At North-Est, Isola gently slopes toward the lake and is protected by a wind break made of tall Laurus nobilis, Quercus ilex and other deciduous oaks, with an underwood made of Ruscus aculeatus and R. hypoglossus. On West side there is the botanic garden with rare exotic plants. Here there is the “Piano delle Camelie” (Camellia Place ), with the oldest plants placed close to a wall, looking to the lake. Many others plants are near to the palace, on the “Loggia del Cashmir” (Cashmir Loggia) and the “Piazza dei Pappagalli” (Parrot Square).
The island balances a perfect sunny radiation with the mild smoothing effect of the lake, resulting in a winter temperature that seldom, if ever, drops under 3-5 degrees. Nowadays, the garden is run by nine gardeners, headed by Gianfranco Giustina, integrated by part time staff and contactors during the peak periods. Isola Madre is open to the public and is visited by 100,000 people each year. The botanical collection includes a selection of Chinese and Himalayan Rhodendrons (e.g. R. sinogrande, R. arboreum “Kermesinum) and over 150 varieties and species of camellias. Some plants of the original core of Eighteenth Century, made of japonicas, are thriving in the island, as “Gloria delle Isole Borromee” (Glory of Borromeo Islands). However, the majority of current plants are later additions, e.g. C. reticulata, C. sinensis, C. granthamiana, and camellia relatives as Ternstroemia, Tutcheria, Gordonia and Eurya.
A dynasty of gardeners : the Rovelli Family and their camellias [4]
Between the late Eighteenth and early Nineteenth Century, Alessandro Rovelli came to Lago Maggiore from Monza, a city close to Milan, nowadays famous thanks to its automobile circuit. He was called by Giovanni Rossi, at that time chief gardener of Borromeo family, who came from Desio, a borough close to Monza; Alessandro was joined by his brothers Giuseppe-Antonio and Carlo, who went to live on Isola Madre with their families. So from 1801 the two Rovelli brothers were engaged to work in private gardens of Borromeo family at Isola Bella. They arrived to rent the citrus nursery at Isola Madre, where they permanently lived. In 1802 about 15 members of the Rovelli family were living on the island.
In 1823, as gardeners of the Prince Borromeo, they introduced the camellia in the area of Lago Maggiore; for, a camellia “Pinch” (= “Pink”) was planted in the island, as per Borromeo’s records, together with a large number of exotic plants. In 1828 they started the transformation of Isola Madre, under the supervision of Vitaliano IX (1792-1874) and his father Giberto V, an amateur botanist. In 1837 Renato Rovelli, who was gardener of the Isola Madre, was appointed gardener of the Isola Bella and travelled for a botanical trip across Italy together with Vitaliano IX.
In 1845, Giuseppe Antonio Rovelli and his nephew Renato 1st published the “Catalogo Generale delle Piante Coltivate all’Isola Madre” (General Catalog of the Plants Cultivated at Isola Madre), that was printed in Lugano (Switzerland) by Bianchi.
Unfortunately, the relation with Borromeo began to deteriorate because of their many unauthorized initiatives on the material from the Isola Madre. Many rare seeds, small potted and rooted plants, mainly conifers and camellias, vanished from the Borromeo’s Gardens to reappear on the estate purchased by the Rovelli family on the Castagnola peninsula, just across the lake, face to Isola Madre, where the Rovelli’s nursery had to be founded. The relation worsened more and more, with appeals, legal actions, and disputes.
In 1850 an agreement was set. The Rovellis left the Isola Madre and settled at Castagnola. There, Renato together with Francesco and Giacomo, conducted hybridization and propagation experiments on camellias, and continued to publish the catalogues of their own nursery. Their catalog listed over 170 varieties, but only fewer, that include the famous C. japonica “Gloria del Verbano” were originated by them.
Renato’s sons – Achille, Enrico and Carlo – continued the work of their father, reaching a high reputation especially on conifers and camellias. Carlo and his son Renato 2nd successfully went own up to the beginning of the Nineteenth Century. The end came suddenly, when Renato, urged by wrong investments, sold the nursery and the area to a Milanese developer, who dispersed their collection of camellias, rhododendrons and magnolias, and conifers .
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| Camellias list Isola Bella Archives, Handwritten by Rovelli R. 1834 - 1836 | Camellias list 1845 |
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Camellias list Catalogue of Plants in acclimatisation Garden of Borromeo’s Islands” by prince Borromeo G., chief gardener Pirotta A. Tipografia Intrese, Intra 1906 |
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Here below we list the Rovelli’s camellias that were planted in Isola Madre Botanic Garden [2,4,5,7].
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C.japonica “Abate Bianchi” |
C.japonica “Mameli” |
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C.japonica “Adelina Patti” |
C.japonica “ Maria Rovelli” |
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C.japonica “Apollo” |
C.japonica “Maria Teresa Rosea” |
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C.japonica“Bertha Ravené” |
C.japonica “ Mitronesson” |
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C.japonica“Bice Pacinotti” (believed extinct) |
C.japonica “Muller d’Italie” |
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C.japonica “Bolongara” |
C.oleifera “Oleifera Plena” |
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C.japonica “Castagnola” |
C.japonica “Paolina Lucca” |
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C.japonica “Conte di Cavour” |
C.japonica “Pavolini” |
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C.japonica“General Pepe” |
C.japonica “ Prince Troubetzkoy” |
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C.japonica “Gloria del Verbano” |
C.japonica “Radaelli” |
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C.japonica “Gloria delle Isole Borromee” |
C.japonica “Regina Margherita” |
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C.japonica “Helvetia” |
C.japonica “Romaniensis” |
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C.japonica “Il 22 Marzo 1848” |
C.japonica “Tornielli d’Italie” |
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C.japonica “Isabella Galletti” |
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ROVELLI’S CAMELLIAS TODAY
What is surviving nowadays? A part of the area of Rovelli’s nursery was set aside, and some camellias are still surviving, that have been identified and published on a book “Antiche Camelie del Lago Maggiore” (“Ancient Camellias of Lake Maggiore”) [Hillebrand P. , Bertolazzi G., “ Antiche Camelie del Lago Maggiore”, Alberti Libraio editore, Verbania. 2003 ;“ Antiche Camelie del Lago Maggiore – vol II”, Alberti Libraio editore, Verbania. 2011].
On the Isola Madre, the new gardeners introduced many other plants, changing the site. In 1906 a “Catalogue of Plants in acclimatisation Garden of Borromeo’s Islands” was edited by Giberto Borromeo and the chief gardener Alessandro Pirotta. The number of species and varieties reached 3.900, and for each one were indicated the family they belonged to, and the place of origin. Nowadays, approximately 2.000 specimen of shrubs and trees are cultivated on the Isola Madre, but they include only a small platoon of Rovelli’s japonica [9]: C.japonica “ Abate Bianchi” C.japonica “Bolongara”, C.japonica “Gloria del Verbano”,C.japonica “Gloria delle Isole Borromee”, C.japonica “ Mitronesson”. The huge stock [2-3-5] of camellias that were cultivated in “Stabilimento Orticolo Rovelli” is lost.
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3) |
4) |
1)
2)
1. C.Japonica ‘Prince Troubetskoy’ [7] [Photo by Corneo A. [2]
Isola Madre Catalogue, 1845. No description; red. Originated in Italy by Rovelli, Pallanza, while at Isola Madre. [From www.camellia.unipv.it (Web Camellia Register) ]
2. C.japonica ‘Gloria del Verbano’ [7] [Photo by Corneo A. [2]
Isola Madre Catalogue, 1845. No description. van Houtte Catalogue, 1845-1846, 23:5: Imbricated, vivid red and lined with white - from Rovelli Bros. Van Houtte Catalogue, 1858, 72:14: Half open its flowers are magificent formal doubles, carmine vermilion spotted white; fully open they are scarlet with white stripes. Sets buds freely. Fig- ured and described in Verschaffelt, 1858, Nouvelle Iconographie, Book XI, pl.III: Its ample petals, spirally inserted and outspread, smaller and serried in a compact heart at the centre, truly imitate an Ile-Bourbon rose when fully opened, and resemble it also by their gorgeous, vivid carmine colouring.[From www.camellia.unipv.it (Web Camellia Register) ]
3. C.japonica ‘Isabella Galletti’ [12] Photo by Mario Ponzanelli (www.camelie.it)
Jean Verschaffelt, 1876-1877, Catalogue, No.19, as Isabelle Galetti: Beautiful novelty. Pure white, perfect imbrication. From Rovelli. Roda Catalogue, 1885, p.42: (Rovelli). Large flowers of very good, full form, imbricated, pure white. Rovelli Catalogue, 1893-1894: Beautiful pure white, double, imbricated with a perfect form. Originated
by Fratelli Rovelli, Pallanza, Italy. [From www.camellia.unipv.it (Web Camellia Register) ]
4.C.japonica‘Adelina Patti’ [2] [Photo by the Author]
Rovelli Catalogue, 1896, p.40, as Adelina Patti': Imbricated, delicate rose white; compact habit. Originated in Italy by Rovelli, Pallanza, Italy. [From www.camellia.unipv.it (Web Camellia Register) ]
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6)
5. C.oleifera plena [11][Photo by the Author]
Berlèse, 1840, Monographie, ed.2, p.84: Leaves similar to C.oleifera; buds pointed, small; flowers about 5.6 cm. across, semi-double, white, petals 9-10, deeply notched at the apex, stamens central. Originated in Italy by Rovelli.
6. C.japonica ‘Bolongara’[4] [Photo by the Author]
van Houtte, 1843-1844, Catalogue, 12:vv: Peony form. Rose cinnabar. From Isole Borromee, Originated in Italy by Rovelli.
7. C.japonica‘ Mitronesson’ [7][Photo by the Author]
Isola Madre Catalogue, 1845. No description. Fratelli Rovelli, 1852, Catalogue, p.22:Large, imbricated, transparent, shining red with broad white border. A Rovelli introduction. Franchetti, 1855, Collezione di Camelie, p.46: Imbricated; light transparent red with wide, white stripes. Verschaffelt, 1858, Nouvelle Iconographie, Book VII, pl.IV as Metronesson (Vera) Italian origin, its blossoms of medium size, present, in their most numerous and small, rounded petals, he most regular imbrication; hey are of a vivid pink colour, somewhat paler in the intermediate part, with numerous, wide, pure white bands which form multiple rays. [From www.camellia.unipv.it (Web Camellia Register) ]
8. C.japonica ‘Gloria delle Isole Borromee’ [5] [Photo by the Author]
Isola Madre Catalogue, 1845. No description; van Houtte Catalogue, 1845-1846, 23:5: Imbricated, rose in the centre, blotched red and striped white. Originated in Italy by Rovelli, Pallanza, while at Isola Madre. [From www.camellia.unipv.it (Web Camellia Register) ]
References
[1]. Amm. Borromeo, “Guida dell’Isola Madre – Lago Maggiore”, Grafiche Reggiori, Cittiglio (VA), 1997, (a simple guide to the Isola Madre).
[2]. Remotti D., Corneo A., “Camelie dell’Ottocento nel Verbano”, L’Artistica Savigliano, Torino, 2000. Edited by Regione Piemonte (A collection of 50 camellia cultivars collected in the garden of Lago maggiore with a very accurate description and analysis)
[3]. Lodari R. (ed), “Giardini e Ville del Lago Maggiore – Un paesaggio culturale tra Ottocento e Novecento”, Centro studi Piemontesi, Museo del Paesaggio, Torino, 2002
[4]. Accati E. (ed), “Le antiche Camelie dei Rovelli”, Grossi, Domodossola, 2006 (The book list cultivars that heve been identified in Rovelli’s Castagnola estate; however are not origineted by the Rovelli family and some are identified by a sole identification number; anyway the description is very accurate)
[5]. Accati E. (ed.), “Camelie dell’Ottocento- volume 2”, Ages Artigrafiche, Torino 2007. by Regione Piemonte. (It is the continuation of Remotti’s and Corneo’s work)
[6]. Cattolica G., Lippi A., Tomei P., “Camelie dell’Ottocento in Italia”, Pacini editore, Lucca, 1992 ( a description of 89 italian cultivar with quite accurate water colors; a key reference for old Italian camellia cultivars)
[7]. Hillebrand P., Bertolazzi G., “ Antiche Camelie del Lago Maggiore”, Alberti Libraio editore, Verbania. 2003;“ Antiche Camelie del Lago Maggiore – vol II”, Alberti Libraio editore, Verbania. 2011. (The most important reference of ancient Italian camellias, though focusing on Lago Maggiore only with hundreds of pictures and descriptions; a real encyclopedia)
[9]. Giustina G & Sambiagio L., “Juwels and Facts of Lake Maggiore”, Pianezza editore, Busto Arsizio (VA) 2005 (a complete guide of all Lago Maggiore gardens and parks)
[10]. C.A. Pisoni, L. Parachini, S. Monferrini, D. Invernizzi,, “Amor di Pianta - Giardinieri, floricultori, vivaisti sul Verbano (1750-1950)”, Volume I - Provincia di Verbania (Belgirate-Cannobio, Isole Borromee), Germignaga 2005
[11]. The International Camellia Register, The International Camellia Society, 2 volumes plus 2 supplements, last edition 2012. (see also the Web Camellia Register)
[12]. http://camellia.unipv.it/camelliadb2/ (Web Camellia Register)
[13]. www.borromeoturismo.it
[14]. www.lagomaggiore.net
Acknowledgements
This work would be impossible without the support of Princess Bona Borromeo Arese, her son Count Vitaliano Borromeo Arese, who gave the permission to access to the Borromeo Archives.Alessandro Pisoni, Chief Archivist of the Borromeo Archives, who helped me in retrieveing documents.Gianfranco Giustina, chief gardener of Borromeo Islands. Riccardo Russo, director of Borromeo Islands Serena Sogno, assistant of Borromeo Islands.
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still in Isola Madre Catalogue (2011) |
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completely lost |
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SPECIES |
CULTIVAR |
DESCRIPTION |
CATALOGUE |
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C.japonica |
Apollo |
Imbricated, red, strong growth, extra. Originated in Italy |
ROVELLI 1874 |
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C.japonica |
Abate Bianchi |
Flower imbricated, rose, the petals marked at the centre with a streak of white. Originated in Italy by Lechi. |
ROVELLI 1852 |
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C.japonica |
Adèle Torre |
Delicate pink with streaks of deeper pink. Rose form. Originated by Francesco Mariani, Milan, Italy. |
Isola Madre Catalogue 1860 ; ROVELLI 1852 |
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C.japonica |
Adelina Patti (Rovelli) |
Imbricated, delicate white; compact habit Originated in Italy by Rovelli. |
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C.japonica |
Albino Botti |
Imbricated. A very delicate pale pink with slightly deeper veins, petals edged paler to white |
ROVELLI 1896 |
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C.japonica |
Alessandro Il Grande |
Well imbricated, pink coloured, with a white stripe down the centre of each petal. |
ROVELLI 1852 |
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C.japonica |
Ali Pasha |
Fratelli Rovelli Catalogue, 1874 as Aly Pacha': Large size, pale rose, anemone form flower |
ROVELLI 1852 - 1874 |
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(C. ) |
Amalia Croff |
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C.japonica |
Ariodante |
No description. Originated in Italy. (Believed extinct.) |
ROVELLI 1852 |
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C.japonica |
Attenuata |
Red anemone flowers. Originated in Italy. (Believed extinct.). |
Isola Madre Catalogue 1845; ROVELLI 1852 |
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C.japonica |
Audiniana |
No description (Believed extinct.). |
ROVELLI 1852 |
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C.japonica |
Averra |
Imbricated, beautiful glistening red. Received from Francesco Negri, Milan, Italy. |
ROVELLI 1852 |
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C.japonica |
Barone Ciani |
Large bloom spotted white. Received from Sada. |
ROVELLI 1852 |
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C.japonica |
Beauty Grafton |
Flower imbricated with great symmetry and of an intense red with whitish centre. |
ROVELLI 1852 |
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C.japonica |
Bertha Ravené |
White with a tendency for delicate yellow at the centre of the flower. Easy flowering. Originated by Rovelli |
ROVELLI 1852 |
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C.japonica |
Bella Lambertii |
Imbricated in the form of Bealei, but a little larger and paler in the centre. |
ROVELLI 1852 |
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C.japonica |
Bettegno |
Magnificently imbricated, deep, dark red on the petals with clear red reverse. Blossoms small, rich poppy crimson, delicately veined purple, formal double. Petals lanceolate, emarginate. Originated by Rovelli |
Isola Madre Catalogue 1845 |
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C.japonica |
Bice Pacinotti |
In Rovelli Catalogue, 1893 as "nuova". No description. Originated in Italy by Rovelli. (Believed extinct.) |
ROVELLI 1892-1893 |
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C.japonica |
Billottii |
Imbricated, pink. Originated by Burnier, Turin, Italy. |
ROVELLI 1874 |
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C.japonica |
Birro |
Imbricated; deep pink. Originated in Italy |
ROVELLI 1852 |
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C.japonica |
Bisi |
Vivid red, speckled with white; large convex form. Originated in Italy |
ROVELLI 1852 |
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C.japonica |
Bolongara |
Peony form. Rose cinnabar. Originated in Italy by Rovelli |
Isola Madre Catalogue 1845 |
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C.japonica |
Caprioli |
No description. Originated in Italy by Ugoni |
ROVELLI 1852 |
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C.japonica |
Carbonara |
Dark violet red, early flowering. (under irregular flowers). Originated in Italy by Mariani. |
ROVELLI 1874; Isola Madre Catalogue 1874 |
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C.japonica |
Cardinale Antonelli |
Imbricated. Brilliant pink with broad blotches and suffused white lines. Originated in Tuscany |
ROVELLI 1852 |
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C.japonica |
Carolina de Montell |
Large, imbricated, carmine red with a paler centre,blotched and lined with white Originated in Tuscany |
ROVELLI 1852 |
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C.japonica |
Castagnola |
Imbricated, deep transparent pink, all the petals with wide, white bands. Vivid rose coloured petals, each ornamented. Originated in Italy by Rovelli |
ROVELLI 1852 |
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C.japonica |
Cenomana |
Imbricated, delicate rose, lined and splashed with carmine. Originated in Italy by Madoni. |
ROVELLI 1852 |
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C.japonica |
Clotilde |
A seedling raised and named for Princesse Clotilde, (1843-91). Originated in Italy by Casoretti |
ROVELLI 1852 |
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C.japonica |
Colombo |
Leaves long, very sharp pointed, almost lanceolate, strongly serrate, somewhat reclined, dark green; buds round, scales greenish. Flower, 11 cm across, full, cherry-red, often very dark; exterior petals in 5 rows, broad, thick, rounded, elegantly displayed one after the other and imbricated loosely. The petals of the interior, fairly broad, of average size, tall, in irregular fascicles. Originated by Mariani, Italy; however Rovelli says from Dr Sacco |
ROVELLI 1852 |
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C.japonica |
Combelli |
Flesh-red, variegated or lined..Originated by Lechi, Italy |
Isola Madre Catalogue, 1845 ROVELLI 1852 |
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C.japonica |
Concinna Concata |
Fratelli Rovelli Catalogue, 1852, p.15, as Conciana Concata. A variegated form of Concinna. Originated in Italy. (Believed extinct.) |
ROVELLI 1852 |
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C.japonica |
Concolor Paeoniflora |
Fratelli Rovelli Catalogue, 1852, p.15 as Concolor Paeoniflora: Large, rose-pink blotched and veined white. Originated in England. |
ROVELLI 1852 |
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C.japonica |
Conte Aldo Annoni |
Imbricated. Pink striped and marbled (with white). |
ROVELLI 1893 |
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C.japonica |
Conte Cicogna |
Red variegated white; beautiful. Originated in Italy by Conte G.P. Cicogna |
ROVELLI 1852 |
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C.japonica |
Conte de Medici Spada |
Imbricated, carmine pink, central petals with paler borders. |
ROVELLI 1896 |
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C.japonica |
Conte de Romay |
Imbricated. Very beautiful. Originated in Italy. |
ROVELLI 1852 |
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C.japonica |
Conte Francesco Annoni |
Imbricated; white edged and mottled carmine. Most beautiful. Originated in Italy by Pessina. |
ROVELLI 1896 |
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C.japonica |
Conte Maggi |
Imbricated; red at the circumference, white centre. Originated in Italy |
ROVELLI 1852 |
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C.japonica |
Conte Rusca |
No description. Originated in Italy. (Believed extinct.) |
ROVELLI 1852 |
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C.japonica |
Conte Tosi |
Imbricated in spirals. Carmine pink, paler at centre, lined white. |
ROVELLI 1852 |
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C.japonica |
Contessa Allemagna |
Imbricated, white with rounded, concave petals. Originated in Italy by Croft, Florence. |
ROVELLI 1852 |
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C.japonica |
Contessa Balbani |
Imbricated. Outer row of broad petals, bright red, the remainder blotched and striped white, gradually changing until the centre is a pale pink. Originated in Tuscany. |
ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Contessa Bethlen |
Flowers variable; pure white, rosy white, white with rose blotches or red blotches or streaks, with yellowish or greenish centre. Originated in Italy by Croft, Florence |
ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Contessa Calini |
Fratelli Rovelli, 1852, Catalogue, p.13 as Callini: Very large, imbricated, pure white transparent petals. Originated by Rossini, Italy. |
ROVELLI 1852 |
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C.japonica |
Contessa di Negroni |
Same as Contessa Negroni. Florence. Imbricated; pale and deep pink, striped white. Originated in Italy by Croft, Florence |
ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Darius |
Same as Dario. Peonyform. Milk white. Originated in Italy by Mariani. |
ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Demari |
No description Originated in France. (Believed extinct.) |
ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Duchessa di Milano |
Very large, recurved petals, pale pink blotched with vivid pink; double. Originated in Italy by Croft, Florence |
ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Ebe |
Anemone form, red. Originated in Italy by Sacco, Milan. |
ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Eleonora |
Imbricated. Bright red with crimson tint, all petals regularly edged white border. |
ROVELLI 1852 ROVELLI 1896 |
|
C.japonica |
Emilia Garbi |
Imbricated, rose with streaks and marbling of carmine red. Originated in Italy. |
ROVELLI 1896 |
|
C.japonica |
Emilio Bandiera |
Imbricated, red, with all the petals striped milky white Originated in Italy by Ugoni |
ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Emilio Bono |
Medium size flowers are between imbricated perfection and rose form, for, although the first rows of petals are regularly imbricated, the following ones are inserted without order and are ruffled and twisted. The colour is pink, each petal being intersected by a broad, white, irregular stripe, mottled with red. Foliage, rather small, elongated, dark green.Originated by Ugoni according to Rovelli, 1852 |
ROVELLI 1852 |
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C.japonica |
Ester |
Large, imbricated white streaked vivid red. Originated in Italy. |
ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Eugenia Scarlatti |
Imbricated red with pale pink centre, marbled and streaked vivid red. Originated in Italy. |
ROVELLI 1896 |
|
C.japonica |
Eugenio Bettoni |
No description. Originated in Italy from Lechi (Believed extinct.) |
ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Fabio Messimo |
Imbricated, brick red. Originated in Italy |
ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Federici |
Imbricated, clear red. Originated in Italy |
ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Ferdinando Marzichi |
White striped with red, cup shaped. Imbricated, delicate flesh pink, spotted and marbled vivid red; large flower. Originated in Italy by Santarelli, Florence. |
ROVELLI 1896 |
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C.japonica |
Fiore di Maria |
Pearl white with reddish streaks and blotches. Originated by Croff, Florence |
ROVELLI 1852 |
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C.japonica |
Fonctum |
Imbricated; blush with carmine streaks and blotches. Originated in Italy. |
ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Gavazzi |
Imbricated, pure white striped red. Originated in Italy. |
Isola Madre Catalogue, 1845; ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Général Bem |
Imbricated, rounded, bright pink petals, lightly spotted with white. Originated in Italy. |
ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
General Pepe |
Well imbricated, very dark red lined with white. Named for Baron Guglielmo Pepe. Originated in Italy by Rovelli. |
¿??????????? |
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C.japonica |
Generale Fontanella |
No description. Originated in Italy. (Believed extinct.) |
ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Generale Jacopetti |
No description. Originated in Italy. (Believed extinct.) |
ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Generale Mengaldo |
Same as Generale Mengaldi: No description. Originated in Italy by Lechi |
ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Giuditta Rosani |
Imbricated red, with a broad white border |
ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Giulia Vestrini |
Imbricated, beautiful, vivid red with white lines in the centre of each petal. Originated in Italy by Franchetti. |
ROVELLI 1896 |
|
C.japonica |
Giulini |
Vivid pink, veined, large. Originated in Italy. |
Isola Madre Catalogue 1845; ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Giunone |
Cherry red, spotted white, confused centre. Originated in Italy by Dr Sacco, Milan |
ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Gloria del Verbano |
Imbricated, vivid red and lined with white - Originated in Italy by Rovelli |
Isola Madre Catalogue 1845 |
|
C.japonica |
Gloria delle Isole Borromee |
Imbricated, rose in the centre, blotched red and striped white. Originated in Italy by Rovelli |
Isola Madre Catalogue 1845 |
|
C.japonica |
Gloria di Roma |
Variegated pink and white. Distinctive. Originated in Italy. |
ROVELLI 1902 |
|
C.japonica |
Goffredii |
Same as Goffredo: Large, semi-imbricated double; carmine red. Originated in Italy. |
ROVELLI 1874 |
|
C.japonica |
Graziosa |
No description. Originated in Italy. (Believed extinct), |
ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Helvetia |
Very large, scarlet red, imbricated. Beautiful, distinct form. . Originated in Italy by Rovelli. |
ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Henriphilla |
No description. Originated in Italy. (Believed extinct.) |
ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Hoocheri. |
Same as Hoocherii: Pure white. Originated in Italy. |
Isola Madre Catalogue,1845; ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Il 22 Marzo, 1848 |
Rovelli 1852 gives Mantica as a synonym for Il 22 Marzo 1848. Deep pink, spotted white on some of the outer petals. Tips of inner petals paler. Imbricated in cluster. Originated in Italy |
ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Il Cigno |
Pure white, petals well rounded, imbricated ranunculi- form |
Isola Madre Catalogue,1845; ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Il Persiano |
White, streaked red. Originated in Italy by Sacco |
Isola Madre Catalogue,1845 ROVELLI 1852 |
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C.japonica |
Il Voto |
Most beautifully variegated and striped. Originated in Italy. |
ROVELLI 1886 ROVELLI 1896 |
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C.japonica |
Il Zeffiro |
Formal double, of a clear, carmine red with shadings of pink. Large, rounded petals in 7-8 rows; imbricated and serried. Rovelli,1852, says originated from Sacco. |
ROVELLI 1852 |
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C.japonica |
Isabella Galletti |
Pure white, perfect imbrication. Large flowers of very good, full form, imbricated, pure white. Beautiful pure white, double, imbricated with a perfect form. Originated by Rovelli, |
ROVELLI 1893 |
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C.japonica |
Jenny |
Delicate pink. Well imbricated. Originated by Brozzoni. |
?? |
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C.japonica |
La Bella Vergine |
No description. Small imbricated flower, ivory white with a yellowish centre. Originated in Italy by Rovelli.. |
Isola Madre Catalogue 1845 |
|
C.japonica |
Lactus Speciosis |
Same as Lactus Speciosus. Same form as Pendulata. Originated in Italy. (Believed extinct.) |
ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Laura Franchetti |
Large imbricated red with white blotches. Originated in Italy by Franchetti, Florence. |
ROVELLI 1896 |
|
C.japonica |
Laura Gatteschi |
Imbricated, soft red, paling to white, vivid red venation. Originated in Italy. |
ROVELLI 1896 |
|
C.japonica |
Laura Mortera |
Icy pink striped dewy white. Perfect spiral imbrication, small flower, satin pink with some delicate white stripes, deeper centre. Originated in Italy by Cesare Franchetti. |
ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Laura Rondi |
Very fully imbricated, the outer rows of petals are deep carmine red, those of the centre, paler and striped white. Magnificent. Originated in Brescia, Italy. |
ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Lavinia Maggi Alba |
Pure white form of Lavinia Maggi, Originated by Rovelli. |
ROVELLI 1893 |
|
C.japonica |
Lawrenceana d'Italie |
Small rosy red. Originated in Italy. |
ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Leon Parmentier |
Imbricated. Deep pink with transparent petals. Originated in Italy. |
Isola Madre Catalogue 1845; ROVELLI 1852 |
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C.japonica |
Linzia |
Anemone flowered, fiery, salmon red. Originated by Rovelli. |
ROVELLI 1857 |
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C.japonica |
Lodowiski |
Large size, imbricated flower, rose splashed and marbled with carmine red. Originated by Rovelli, Italy. |
ROVELLI 1892 |
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C.japonica |
Madoni |
Same as Madonna, Madona .A formal double about 10 cm across. White with a margin of pale carmine red. Petals in 6 rows, large, shell-like, serried and imbricated with admirable symmetry. Flowers of the above colours are usually quite variable and the modern cultivar associated with this name is a blush white formal double, pencilled and speckled rose. Originated in Italy by Madoni |
ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Maffeis di Lainate |
Regular snow white flower lined with pink. Flower white lined with rose. Regular form. Originated in Italy by Tagliebue according to Rovelli, 1848. |
ROVELLI 1848 |
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C.japonica |
Mainoni |
Semi-double, white and rose. Self white flowers, others self pink. Originated in Italy at Monza. |
ROVELLI 1852 |
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C.japonica |
Mamelli |
Imbricated, almost pure rose carmine. a new colour. Originated in Italy by Rovelli |
ROVELLI 1852 |
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C.japonica |
Manetti Nova |
Imbricated; lilac pink, large, rounded, minutely fimbriated petals. pink flowers with large, rounded petals. Originated in Italy by Croft, Florence |
ROVELLI 1852 |
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C.japonica |
Mantica |
Rovelli 1852 gives Mantica as a synonym for Il 22 Marzo 1848. Deep pink, spotted white on some of the outer petals. Tips of inner petals paler. Imbricated in cluster. Originated in Italy |
ROVELLI 1852 |
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C.japonica |
Marchese Bride |
No description. Originated in Italy. (Believed extinct.) |
ROVELLI 1902 |
|
C.japonica |
Marchese Natta |
Very large, imbricated flower with bilobed, light red, outer petals and deeper centre. Originated in Italy by Rovelli. |
ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Marchese Raimondi |
No description. (Believed extinct.) Originated in Italy. |
ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Marchese Tornielli |
Large double, regularly imbricated flower, deep rose-carmine, petals marked with white bands. The vigour of this variety allows it to be trained as a pyramid. Carmine rose, often streaked with white, Imbricated. Originated in Italy by Rovelli. |
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C.japonica |
Margherita Indelicato |
imbrication, rose, veined and suffused white. Originated in Italy |
ROVELLI 1892 |
|
C.japonica |
Maria Bagnasco |
Flesh pink. Large, rose form double. Imbricated. Pale red, delicately suffused and bordered by a paler blue. Originated in Italy by Bagnasco. |
ROVELLI 1893 - 1896 |
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C.japonica |
Maria Rovelli |
Flower imbricated; large, pure white petals, slightly incurved. Originated by Rovelli |
ROVELLI 1893 - 1896 |
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C.japonica |
Maria Teresa Rosea |
A rose-pink sport of Maria Teresa. Originated by Rovelli. |
ROVELLI 1893 |
|
C.japonica |
Miss Baoa |
Very large, peony form, white with some petals completely red. Originated in Italy by Ugoni. |
Isola Madre Catalogue 1845 |
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C.japonica |
Mitronesson Vera |
Large, imbricated, transparent, shining red with broad white border. A Rovelli introduction |
ROVELLI 1852 |
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C.japonica |
Muller d'Italie |
Very large, vivid pink, marbled white. Obtained as a seedling by Rovelli |
Isola Madre Catalogue 1852 ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Ne Plus Ultra |
Imbricated pure white, blotched soft pink, Originated in Florence. It is possible there are two forms of Ne Plus Ultra, the American and Grunebergs. There is also a Non Plus Ultra raised by Ridolfi in Italy |
ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Nuova Iride |
Imbricated, outer row of petals deep pink, intermediate petals pale pink, centre slightly deeper pink. Originated in Italy |
ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Ocranauta |
No description. Originated in Italy. (Believed extinct.) |
ROVELLI 1852 |
|
(C.oleifera) |
Oleifera Plena |
Leaves similar to C.oleifera; buds pointed, small; flowers about 5.6 cm. across, semi-double, white, petals 9-10, deeply notched at the apex, stamens central. Originated by Rovelli |
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C.japonica |
Orientale |
Very large, imbricated, red. |
ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Palazzo Tursi |
Large, well imbricated flower; carmine red, paler towards the centre. Imbricated, bordered red at the centre. Well branched. Originated in Italy |
ROVELLI 1874 -1896 |
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C.japonica |
Palladina |
White, anemone form. Originated in Italy. |
Isola Madre Catalogue 1845 ; ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Paolina Bettoni |
Beautiful form. Red streaked white. Originated in Italy by Lechi (Believed extinct.) |
Isola Madre Catalogue 1845 ; ROVELLI 1852 |
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C.japonica |
Paolina Lucca |
Imbricated white with a rosy tint. Alabaster white with perfect, double, imbricated flowers. Very early flowering Originated in Italy by Rovelli. |
ROVELLI 1874 |
|
C.japonica |
Paolina Pelas |
Beautifully tinted imbricated flower, coloured rose. Originated in Italy. |
ROVELLI 1893 - 1896 |
|
C.japonica |
Parviflora Striata |
Same type as Imperialis' (Gray's Invincible). Synonym: Waratah Parviflora Striata'. Originated in Italy. (Believed extinct.) |
Isola Madre Catalogue 1845 ; ROVELLI 1852 |
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C.japonica |
Pavolini |
No description. Originated in Italy by Rovelli. (Believed extinct.) |
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|
C.japonica |
Pendulata |
Beautiful form, red, regular, in the form of Lactus Speciosis. Originated in Italy by B. Lechi. |
ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Pénélope |
Perfect violet red, large size, beautiful form. Originated in Italy by Mariani. |
ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Picturata Coccinea |
Vivid carmine, striped white. Originated in Italy. |
ISOLA MADRE 1845 ; ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Pink Amplissima |
Large, well made pink. Originated in Italy |
ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Pirla |
No description. Orthographic error Pirlo'. Originated in Italy. (Believed extinct.) |
ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Pirolleana |
Same as Piroleana': Very large, pink. Raised by Pierre Tourres, France from seed. Fratelli Rovelli |
ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Poldi |
Imbricated in the form of the Duchesse d'Orleans, carmine red. Originated by Rovelli |
ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Principessa Vidoni |
Very full, imbricated, bright red flower, transparent petals, covered and ruled with metallic white stripes; of extraordinary beauty.Originated in Tuscany |
ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Pulchra |
Imbricated. Deep pink, veined. Originated by Sacco |
ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Radaelli |
Medium size, formal double, bright vermilion, some petals lined with white. Originated in Italy by Rovelli. |
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|
C.japonica |
Radians |
Vivid red with marbled centre. Originated in Italy. |
Isola Madre Catalogue 1845 ; ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Ré |
The blossoms, of largest size, are bright pink with a few white stripes at the centre and are composed of numerous, rounded petals, regularly imbri- cated, convex and outspread when fully open; with smaller, compact petals of a deeper shade of pink forming the heart. Originated by Rovelli, Italy. |
ROVELLI 1845 |
|
C.japonica |
Regina |
Very large imbricated double, white splashed red. Originated in Italy by Ridolfi, Florence. |
ROVELLI 1845 |
|
C.japonica |
Regina d'Italia |
Imbricated, carmine pink, striped with white. Originated in Italy by Croft, Florence |
ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Regina Margherita |
A perfectly imbricated white; shade light flesh tone, petals firm texture. Early flowering. Originated by Rovelli |
ROVELLI 1896 |
|
C.japonica |
Regina Pomaré |
Imbricated, vivid red, lined white. Orthographic error: Regina Pomarea. Originated in Italy by Rosani (Believed extinct.) |
ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Ridente |
Deep pink. Originated in Italy |
ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Ristori |
Beautifully imbricated violet red with large white border.. This appears a different cultivar. Originated in Italy by Ridolfi. |
ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Ristori (Rovelli) |
Pure white, very beautiful, well formed flower. Imbricated glowing pure white, perfect form. Compact habit.Originated in Italy. |
ROVELLI 1858 -1896 |
|
C.japonica |
Robert Peel |
Large size, light red, marbled at the centre. Originated in England. |
ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Romaniensis |
Regularly imbricated; a delicate roseate white, fasciated with bright pink, with rounded petals, whole or slightly bilobate at apex, the centre a full heart, serried and upright. Originated in Italy as a seedling raised by Negri according to Rovelli. 1852. |
ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Sacco Nova |
Imbricated, formal double, vivid pink with petals evenly rayed with white lines to form a star. The centre of each petal a bright rose, shaded off to soft rosy pink towards the margins; a well formed flower. Originated in Italy by Casoretti. |
ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Sarah |
Imbricated, red with stripes. Originated in Italy. |
ROVELLI 1874 |
|
C.japonica |
Sarniensis Speciosa |
No description. Originated in France |
ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Scottii |
Very large, white, striped and spotted rose. Originated in Italy by B. Lechi. |
ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Sedilla |
Very large white striped and spotted with carmine. Originated in Italy by Negri, Milan |
ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Sgarriglio |
Imbricated, bright carmine, completely new. Originated in Italy by Croft, Florence |
ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Siccardi |
Deep blood red with broad, uniform, marble-white stripes. Superb imbrication. Originated in Italy by Rovelli |
ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Squamosa Alba |
Leaves large, dark green, ovate-oblong, slightly acuminate, prominent venation, finely serrate. The flowers are large, similar to Duchesse d'Orleans; the large, numerous petals are rounded, clear white, lightly streaked and tinged with pink, emarginate and symmetrically imbricated like the scales of a fish. Originated in Italy by Lechi. |
ISOLA MADRE CATALOGUE 1845 |
|
C.japonica |
Stefania di Butera |
Imbricated, bright pink with streaks, sometimes self coloured. Originated in Italy by Franchetti, Florence. |
ROVELLI 1896 |
|
C.japonica |
Strambio |
White, peony form. Originated in Italy by Sacco, Milan. |
ISOLA MADRE CATALOGUE 1845 ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Superba |
Very beautifully imbricated, carmine red with some stripes. Originated in Italy. |
ROVELLI 1852 -1896 |
|
C.japonica |
Surprise des Botanistes |
White, peony form, splashed and streaked with carmine.Medium sized, peony form, flesh-white, splashed and streaked with carmine. Originated in Italy by Negri, Milan. |
ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Teresa Massini |
Large size, double with perfectly imbricated petals, evenly transparent, delicate pink, centre striped white. Originated in Italy by Franchetti |
ROVELLI 1852 |
|
C.japonica |
Teresa Menini |
Clear pink lined with white and imbricated. Originated in Italy. |
ROVELLI 1852 |
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